Other vitamins, such as B2, work cooperatively in the body with other B vitamins to convert food into energy. B2 converts B6 into a usable form and aids in niacin production. Vitamin B5 breaks down fats and carbohydrates for energy and helps the body use other vitamins, such as riboflavin found in B2. B6 is involved in immune function and needed by the body to use and store protein and carbohydrates from food in the form of glycogen.
B7 also helps the body convert the fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the food you eat into energy. It is needed to make fatty acids and also maintains bone and hair health. Vitamin B9 is required to help cells produce and maintain DNA the genetic material found in all body cells , while B12 is important for protein metabolism. Not everyone requires vitamin B supplementation. Depending on your individual needs and recommendations from your doctor, you may be advised to take a specific B vitamin supplement alone over a B-complex supplement.
Most of the B vitamins are involved in the process of converting food into energy. While this is an essential process, it is not necessarily the case that taking a B-complex supplement will make you feel more energetic.
Although your body needs B vitamins to create energy from the foods you eat, the effect is different when these vitamins are consumed in the form of dietary supplements rather than food. Research shows that B vitamins support just about every aspect of brain health. While all B vitamins promote healthy brain function , a review published in Nutrients indicates that vitamins B6, B9, and B12 play a particular role in homocysteine metabolism, which helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.
In particular, B12 supports healthy DNA structures, which are important during fetal development and the prevention of chronic disease and cancer. Vitamin B6 supports both brain development and function, while vitamin B9 reduces the risk of birth defects in the brain and spine, such as spina bifida.
Some B vitamins, particularly vitamin B12, play an essential role in red blood cell formation. Healthy red blood cells are needed to transport oxygen to every part of the body. When there is a vitamin B12 deficiency, the body cannot produce enough red blood cells and anemia can occur. Vitamin B2 is also needed for red blood cell production and growth, as is vitamin B9.
While vitamin B5 plays a role in red blood cell production, it also helps reduce the amount of cholesterol produced by the body. And vitamin B6, which is required for more than different enzyme reactions in the body, aids in the formation of hemoglobin, which also allows red blood cells to carry oxygen through the blood. Vitamin B2 keeps the eyes, nervous system, and skin healthy. It aids in the conversion of food into energy and helps enzymes in the body function properly. It also makes and repairs DNA, helps with the optimal function of the digestive and nervous systems, and promotes skin health.
In addition, vitamin B12 also plays a role in maintaining the health of the nervous system. Vitamins B3 and B5 are needed for the production of hormones in the adrenal glands, such as sex and stress hormones. Vitamin B6 stimulates neurotransmitters and hormones that influence mood and regulate the body's biological clock.
B vitamins involved: B3, B5, B6. Research shows that certain B vitamins may help to alleviate stress. For instance, a study published in Nutrients determined that vitamin B supplementation can benefit mood, though more research on the dietary patterns and micronutrient statuses of broader populations is still needed to make an evidence-based recommendation. Vitamin B supplementations may also help prevent migraines in some people.
A report looked at the effects of vitamin B supplementation on individuals with migraines. The authors determined that reducing homocysteine levels with folic acid the synthetic form of folate and vitamins B6 and B12 may help reduce symptoms associated with migraine with aura, which is a recurring headache with sensory disturbances.
However, the report notes that more rigorous research is still needed to determine the safety and efficacy of B vitamin supplementation as a preventative measure for people with chronic migraine headaches.
B vitamins involved: B2, B6, B9, B While most people who eat a varied diet get enough B vitamins from food, some people are at an increased risk of deficiency, particularly those who are over the age of 50, take antacid medication, or have celiac disease , Crohn's disease, gastritis, or other digestive disorders. If you have had stomach or weight loss surgery, drink alcohol regularly, or follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, you may also be more prone to a deficiency.
People who are pregnant or breastfeeding may need more vitamins B6, B12, and folate. Maintaining your RDI for B vitamins can help prevent deficiencies. Depending on which B vitamin s you are deficient in, symptoms may include any of the following:.
Although B complex supplements are water-soluble and do not stay in the body for long, large doses of the vitamins in supplement form can cause certain side effects. There is a daily tolerable intake level UL for some B vitamins which is above what most people need but it is not established for all the B vitamins. For example, the RDA for thiamin vitamin B1 is 1. There is no tolerable upper limit for this because there have been no adverse effects recorded at intakes above 50 mg but that doesn't mean that there can't be.
The tolerable upper limit for niacin vitamin B3 is 35mg, for vitamin B6 is mg, and for vitamin B9 folate is mcg. Before starting any supplement, you should consult with your healthcare provider. Stomach acid is needed for the vitamin B12 in food to be absorbed. H-2 blocker drugs reduce stomach acid and may therefore inhibit absorption of the vitamin B12 naturally present in food. However, the vitamin B12 found in supplements does not depend on stomach acid for absorption.
One controlled study revealed that taking anticonvulsant drugs dramatically reduces blood levels of vitamin B6. A nutritional deficiency of vitamin B6 can lead to an increase in homocysteine blood levels, which has been associated with atherosclerosis. Vitamin B6 deficiency is also associated with symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, mental depression , and seizures. On the other hand, supplementation with large amounts of vitamin B6 80— mg per day has been reported to reduce blood levels of some anticonvulsant drugs, which could theoretically trigger seizures.
People taking multiple anticonvulsant drugs should discuss with their doctor whether supplementing with vitamin B6 is advisable. Vitamin B6 can bind to hydralazine to form a complex that is excreted in the urine, increasing vitamin B6 loss. This may lead to vitamin B6 deficiency. People taking hydralazine should consult with their doctor to discuss the possibility of vitamin B6 supplementation.
Phenelzine has a chemical structure similar to other drugs isoniazid and hydralazine that can cause vitamin B6 deficiency. One case of phenelzine-induced vitamin B6 deficiency has been reported.
Little is known about this interaction. People taking phenelzine should ask their doctor about monitoring vitamin B6 levels and considering supplementation. Isoniazid may interfere with the activity of other nutrients, including vitamin B3 niacin , vitamin B12 , vitamin D , and vitamin E , folic acid , calcium , and magnesium.
Supplementation with vitamin B6 is thought to help prevent isoniazid-induced niacin deficiency; however, small amounts of vitamin B6 e. People should consider using a daily multivitamin-mineral supplement during isoniazid therapy.
Anemia is an uncommon side effect experienced by people taking anticonvulsant drugs. Though many researches believe that low blood levels of folic acid are involved, the effects might be caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency.
Deficiencies of folic acid and vitamin B12 can lead to nerve and mental problems. One study revealed that individuals on long-term anticonvulsant therapy, despite having no laboratory signs of anemia, had dramatically lower levels of vitamin B12 in their cerebrospinal fluid the fluid that bathes the brain when compared with people who were not taking seizure medications.
Improvement in mental status and nerve function was observed in a majority of symptomatic individuals after taking 30 mcg of vitamin B12 daily for a few days. Another study found that long-term anticonvulsant therapy had no effect on blood levels of vitamin B The results of these two studies indicate that people taking anticonvulsant drugs might experience side effects of vitamin B12 deficiency, and that the deficiency is not easily detected by the usual blood tests.
Therefore, individuals taking anticonvulsant drugs for several months or years might prevent nerve and mental problems by supplementing with vitamin B Oral contraceptives use has been associated with increased absorption of calcium and copper and with increased blood levels of copper and vitamin A.
Oral contraceptivess may interfere with manganese absorption. Metformin therapy has been shown to deplete vitamin B12, and sometimes, but not always, folic acid as well. This depletion occurs through the interruption of a calcium-dependent mechanism. People taking metformin should supplement vitamin B12 and folic acid or ask their doctor to monitor folic acid and vitamin B12 levels. Stomach acid is needed for vitamin B12 in food to be absorbed by the body. Omeprazole interferes with the absorption of vitamin B12 from food though not from supplements in some but not all studies.
A true deficiency state, resulting in vitamin Bdeficiency anemia, has only been reported in one case. The fall in vitamin B12 status may result from the decrease in stomach acid required for vitamin B12 absorption from food caused by the drug. This problem may possibly be averted by drinking acidic juices when eating foods containing vitamin B However, all people taking omeprazole need to either supplement with vitamin B12 or have their vitamin B12 status checked on a yearly basis.
Even relatively small amounts of vitamin B12 such as 10—50 mcg per day, are likely to protect against drug induced vitamin depletion. Penicillamine may increase vitamin B6 excretion, reduce activity, and increase the risk for vitamin B6 deficiency. It makes sense for people taking penicillamine to supplement with small 5—20 mg per day amounts of vitamin B6. Some researchers have suggested that as much as 50 mg per day of vitamin B6 may be necessary. Though the cause may be folic acid deficiency in many cases, a deficiency of vitamin B12 may also be a factor in some instances.
Despite these contradictory findings, people taking anticonvulsant drugs for several months or years might prevent nerve and mental problems by supplementing with vitamin B Stomach acid is needed to release vitamin B12 from food so it can be absorbed by the body.
H-2 blocker drugs reduce stomach acid and are associated with decreased dietary vitamin B12 absorption. Lab tests can determine vitamin B12 levels. Sulfonamides, including sulfamethoxazole, can interfere with the activity of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin K. This is generally not a problem when taking sulfamethoxazole for two weeks or less. People taking sulfamethoxazole for longer than two weeks should ask their doctor about nutrient monitoring and supplementation.
Note: Since sulfamethoxazole is often prescribed in combination with trimethoprim for example, in Bactrim or Septra , it may be easy to associate this interaction with trimethoprim. However, this interaction is not known to occur with trimethoprim alone.
Theophyline has been associated with depressed serum vitamin B6 levels in children with asthma and adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In a short-term study of healthy adults, theophylline reduced serum vitamin B6 levels and supplementation with vitamin B6 10 mg per day normalized vitamin B6 levels.
Some doctors believe that it makes sense for people taking this drug to accompany it with 10 mg of vitamin B6 per day. AZT can inhibit crucial DNA-related riboflavin activity, which may be normalized by riboflavin supplementation. A year-old woman with AIDS and lactic acidosis received a single dose of 50 mg of riboflavin, after which her laboratory tests returned to normal and her lactic acidosis was completely resolved.
More research is needed to confirm the value of riboflavin for preventing and treating this side effect. Persons with AIDS have developed lactic acidosis and fatty liver while taking didanosine and other drugs in its class. Didanosine can inhibit crucial DNA-related riboflavin activity, which may be normalized by riboflavin supplementation.
Docetaxel may cause a reddening, swelling, and pain in hands and feet. Two cases have been reported of people suffering these drug-induced symptoms and responding to 50 mg of vitamin B6 given three times per day. Symptoms began to resolve in 12 to 24 hours and continued to improve for several weeks. Animal research suggests doxorubicin may deplete riboflavin and that riboflavin deficiency promotes doxorubicin toxicity.
Increased blood levels of homocysteine are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease. One study revealed that fenofibrate dramatically increases blood homocysteine levels, though blood levels of vitamins were not reduced.
In one study, supplementation with 10 mg per day of folic acid prevented the increase in homocysteine levels resulting from fenofibrate therapy. Further research is needed to determine whether supplemental vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, which are also capable of lowering homocysteine levels, might lower fenofibrate-induced elevations in homocysteine levels.
Fluorouracil occasionally causes problems on the skin of the palms and soles. Preliminary reports have appeared showing that mg per day of vitamin B6 can sometimes eliminate the pain associated with this drug-induced condition. In a study of guinea pigs, a single intramuscular injection of methylcobalamin a form of vitamin B12 , in the amount of mg per 2.
No studies have been done to determine whether the same protective effect would occur in humans. Oral contraceptives have been associated with vitamin B6 depletion and clinical depression. In a small, double-blind study of women with depression taking oral contraceptivess, vitamin B6 20 mg twice per day improved depression. Half of the women in the study showed laboratory evidence of vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin E along with vitamin B6 was used to treat a side effect of risperidone called neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a year-old woman, and results were encouraging.
However, whether vitamin E and vitamin B6 supplementation might help prevent this condition in people taking risperidone is unknown. Though the cause may be folic acid deficiency in many cases, a deficiency of vitamin B12 may also be a factor in some cases. One study revealed that individuals on long-term anticonvulsant therapy had dramatically lower levels of vitamin B12 in their cerebrospinal fluid the fluid that bathes the brain when compared with people who were not taking seizure medications.
Children with alopecia areata who supplemented mg of zinc and 20 mg biotin each day, combined with topical clobetasol, showed more improvement compared to children who took oral corticosteroid drugs. Controlled research is needed to determine whether adding oral zinc and biotin to topical clobetasol therapy is more effective than clobetasol alone.
However, until more information is available, caregivers should consider that children with alopecia who are currently taking oral corticosteroids might benefit from switching to supplements of zinc and biotin along with topical clobetasol. Giving 10 mg per day each of vitamins B1 , B2 , and B6 to elderly, depressed persons already on tricyclic antidepressants improved their depression and ability to think more than placebo did. The subjects in this study were institutionalized, so it is unclear if these results apply to persons living at home.
Combination of 6 grams per day L-tryptophan and 1, mg per day niacinamide a form of vitamin B3 with imipramine has shown to be more effective than imipramine alone for people with bipolar disorder.
These levels did not improve the effects of imipramine in people with depression. Lower amounts 4 grams per day of L-tryptophan and 1, mg per day of niacinamide did show some tendency to enhance the effect of imipramine.
The importance of the amount of L-tryptophan was confirmed in other studies, suggesting that if too much L-tryptophan 6 grams per day is used, it is not beneficial, while levels around 4 grams per day may make tricyclic antidepressants work better. Akathisia is an adverse reaction to anti-psychotic drugs, where a person has an uncontrollable desire to be in constant motion.
One preliminary report suggested that 4, mg of L-tryptophan and 25 mg niacin per day taken with benztropine enhances the treatment of akathisia. Controlled studies are necessary to determine whether L-tryptophan and niacin supplements might benefit most people taking benztropine who experience adverse reactions to anti-psychotic drugs. Folic acid and vitamin B6 have been used to reduce elevated blood levels of homocysteine , which has been associated with atherosclerosis.
One controlled study showed that taking 0. The study also revealed that long-term supplementation with vitamin B6 alone might reduce blood folic acid levels. Therefore, people with elevated blood homocysteine levels should supplement with both folic acid and vitamin B6. Niacin not niacinamide and gemfibrozil have successfully raised HDL good cholesterol levels, both alone and in combination. An individual who took hydroxychloroquine and vitamin B6 together for nine years experienced a complete disappearance of skin nodules caused by rheumatoid arthritis.
Controlled study is needed to determine whether taking vitamin B6 with or without hydroxychloroquine might help eliminate nodules in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Niacinamide taken in combination with minocycline has produced beneficial effects in an individual with cicatricial pemphigoid, an autoimmune blistering disease, as well as in a year-old woman with pemphigus vegetans, another blistering disease. Several other studies have confirmed the efficacy of this combination for bullous blistering pemphigoid.
In a controlled study, individuals taking thioridazine for psychosis cooperated better and withdrew less from other people when niacin nicotinic acid , —1, mg each day, was added. Whether people who are taking thioridazine for other mental health problems might benefit from niacin supplementation is unknown. Therefore, people taking phenobarbital should probably avoid supplementing with large amounts of vitamin B6. Vitamin B3 can raise blood sugar levels, which makes diabetes difficult to control.
Use of niacin along with glimepiride may increase requirements for the drug. On the other hand, individuals who stop taking niacin while on glimepiride should monitor their blood for lower-than-usual glucose levels. Supplementation with large amounts of niacin also called nicotinic acid can increase blood glucose levels in diabetics , which might interfere with the blood-sugar-lowering effects of repaglinide. For this reason, having all the B vitamins in your body helps your body work better.
B vitamins are found in many foods. So most people don't have a high risk of developing a deficiency if they follow a balanced diet. There are many B complex supplements.
They all have different amounts of the common B vitamins.
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